Hat working machine



June 25,1935. M. CASSE 2,006,260

HAT WORKING MACHINE Filed Oct. 12, 1951 s Sheets-Sheet 1 June 1935' M.cA'SsE I 12,906,260

HAT WORKIVJILIIGYMACHINEI Filed oct. 12, 1 951 5 sheets-sheet 2' fig. 4

, June 25, 1935. M, E 2,006,260

HAT WORKINGMACHINE v Filed Oct. 12, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 June 25, 193 5M. cAssE 2,006,260

HAT WORKING MACHINE Filed Oct. 12, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 June 25, 1935.M. c ssE HAT WORKING MACHINE 1 Fil ed Oct. 12, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 5Patented June 25, 1935 I UNlTED STATES PATE T OFFICE f ApplicationOctober 12, 1931, Serial No. 568,463 In France December 24, 1930 22Claims. (Cl. 223-30) The present invention has for its object a lathemechanism in section on the line 5 5 of Fig. 3; mechanism for pieceswhose sections have an Fig. 5 is a diagrammatical view of atool holderoval, cycloidal, epicycloidal, hypocycloidal, or in which'every point fth i 1 escr s. in i I equivalent shape. plane, a closed curve; a, I

5 The invention also relates to various appli- Fig. 6 is averticallongitudinalsection of a 5 cations of one or several of thesemechanisms mac ine ac o d to the invention; taken in combination and,particularly, to ma- Fig. 7 is a front view of said machine;

chines used in connection with the hat making Fig. 8 is a horizontalsection on the line 8-4 industry for the pouncing, brushing, glazing, ofFig. 6 of the lathe mechanism foroval turning;

ironing, etc; of hats. I I Fig. 9 is a section on the. line 98 of Fig. 6of 10 The mechanism according to the present ina d e h n s vention ischiefly characterized by the fact that g- 10 s a partial end V y itcomprises in combination: I Fig. 11 is an elevational view showing the(a) A groupof three parallel axes, located in pawls of the mechanism forstarting the machine the same plane, journalled in a rigid organ'suchand reversing the displacement of the tool; 15 as a connecting rod orthe like; v Fig. 12 is a plan View of the cam permitting to (b). Afourth auxiliary axis, parallel to the vary the oval described by theblock that serves three above mentioned axes and journalled at to uppthe h I a fixed point on a straight line at right angles 13 is a p ViewOf the cam Permitting i0 to said axes and capable of receiving the toolV y the Pr exerted by the $001 On e hat or the piece of work; and the seed of the engine" for driving said (0) The following connectionsbetween said tool; elements (any of said elements'may be fixed in Fig.'14 is a vertical sectionof another embodispace,.the others maintainingsaid connections) merit o a pouneing tooli two of the axes of theabovementioned group 15 s 8 P w ia t embodiment 25 are connectedtogether by a transmission such o t p u n i001 driving m n that thealgebraic ratio of their speeds of revo- Fig. 16 is an elevational viewshowin he earlution is equal to the reciprocal of the ratio of rans m ntof an electrical af t c uit r ak r, the respective distances from saidtw a t disposed on the feed circuit of the electric motor the third axisof the group, said speeds of revo- 0f h machine- J30 lution and saiddistances being counted alge-' x braically, that'is, with regard totheir signs as gg gi i to the well as to their magnitudes; one ofsaid'axes thus connected to each other is further rigidly The m h nism acording to the invention esconnected to the auxiliary axis, the otherone sentialgly comprises 1) a group of three p 35 of said two axes beingadapted to receive the allel x s C, a right l s to th plan piece or workor the tool; the third axis of the of the r Said three s r io rnall d ingroup i adapted t lid and t b journalled connecting rod indicated bystraight line ABC. on the above mentioned straight line at right AXES Aand? are connected through y suitangles to th axe able transmission(toothed wheels, connecting 40 The inv ti win b hereinafter describedrods, chains, sliding members, and so on) so that with respect toaccompanying d i given the algebraic ratio K of the speed of revolutionmerely by way of example, d i hi of axis A to that of axis B may beequal to the Fig. l'is a diagrammatical view of a mechanism, ratio Tadapted to trace cycloids, epicycloids, and curves CB I 45 parallel tosaid cycloids;

Fig. 2 is a similar diagrammatical view of a CA I I mechanism ap d t trae yp y ids and of. the distances from axis 0 to axes B and A, said cu eparallel to said hypeeyeleids; speeds of revolution and said distancesbeing 3 is en elevations! View, P t y in section counted algebraically,that is with regard to their 50 of an apparatus in which the. tooldescribes a signs as well as their magnitudes. cy nd whose cross sectionis a hyp ycl id; Furthermore, axis B is rigidly connected 4 is a p V wshowing e half f t e through a crank or any other similar organ BEmechanism in section On the li 4 of Fig- 3; to an auxiliary axisEfparallel to axes A, B and I 65 Fig. 4a is a plan view showing one halfof the C. Said axis E is journalled at a fixed point 01' a straight lineL, at right angles to axes A, B, C, E. Finally axis C is so mounted asto slide and to be journalled on said line L.

A piece of work is fastened to axis A, and a tool 0 is fixed to straightline L, or reversely. Any one of the elements of the mechanism: the fouraxes A, B, C, E, straight line ABC, straight line L, may be stationarythe other elements be-,.,

ing connected thereto and to each other as indicated. If we consider afirst system S integral with axis A and a second system S integral withaxis B, and if we trace in system S a circle R whose radius is AC, andin system S' a circle T having a radius BC, when the systems S and S'move relatively to each other, said circles R and T roll one on theother. On account of the fact that the speeds of revolution of axes Aand B are in a ratio which is reciprocal to the ratioof the radii, takenwith regard to both magnitude and sign, said rolling'displacement takesplace without sliding. It results therefrom that point E, which isintegral with axis B, belonging to system S and moving with circle Tdescribes in system S an epicycloid Y and'that the point of contact C ofthe two circles is the center of instantaneous rotation of thedisplacement. Straight line L is therefore the normal to said epicycloidand a point 0 of said line describes a curve Y which may be deduced fromepicycloid Y by adding a constant length EC upon line L at every point Eof the epicycloid.

If a piece of work is fixed upon axis A, it will therefore be presentedto tool 0 in such-manner that said tool will trace an epicycloid-Y or acurve Y parallel to said epicycloid. 'The tangent to said curve at thepoint of contact with the tool is constantly at right angles to thedirection of the tool holder.

Description of .a theoretical embodiment of the mechanism for thetracing of hypocyclotds Fig. 2 shows, in a diagrammatic manner,how ahypocycloidal mechanism may be obtained. Said Fig. 2 includes, sameasFig.1, axes AB, C, E and straight line L. .Axis'A is supposed to bestationary, same as an internal gear wheel whose radius is AC. Rod ABCrotates about A. A pinion whose axis is B is driven by straight line ABCand constantly meshes with the stationary internal gear wheel having itscenter at A. Axis E is integral with the pinion and it actuates aconnecting rod representing line 'L which is adapted to both pivot andslide about axis C. Said rod L is integral with the axis of oscillationO of the tool and said tool envelops the hypocycloid Y described bypoint E.

Example of a practical embodiment of the theoretical mechanism of Fig. 2

, In Figs. 3 and 4 is showna practical embodiment of the mechanism ofFig. 2 for driving a tool I of any type whatever which is to move alongthe whole lateral surface of a piece 2 whose cross I section is thehalf-hypocycloid MN--P of Fig. 2

keyed ona shaft 3 carried by a support.

directly mounted on shaft 3. Support 4 is pivoted about a horizontalaxis 6 (axis O of Fig. 2) parallel to axis 3. A counterweight 1 tends toswing support I in the direction of arrow I so as to apply grindingwheel I against the piece oi work 2.

Axis 6 (O) is carried by a piece 8. Said piece 8 is rigidly connected,through rods 9 (Fig. 4) which extend through a piece I0 forming a casing(Figs. 3 and 4), to a piece II" embodying straight line L of thediagrammatic system of Fig. 2. Said piece II is pivotally mounted aboutan eccentric journal I2 (axis E) of a spindle I 3 (axis B). Piece .15provided with a guiding slot I4 in which slides a member I4 pivotedabout an axis I5 carried by a piece I0 and a plate 7 I6. Said. plate I6,in which is journalled spindle I3, (axis B) embodies rod ABC of Fig. 2.It rests in a rotatable manner upon a circular cupshaped element I1.Said element I1 comprises an interiorly toothed portion I8 whose axisisI9 (axis A). A pinion 20, keyed on axis I3 (axis B) is adapted to meshwith said toothed portion I8.

The diameter of said pinion 20 is one fourth the diameter of the toothedpart III. Pinion 20. further meshes with a pinion 2I mounted loose onshaft I9 and in mesh with a pinion 22.

Said

pinion 22 is keyed on an axis 23. A guide'member 24 is keyed on saidspindle 23, and, a sliding element 25 pivoted about an axis 26 carriedbya pinion 21 is adapted to move in said guide member 24. Said pinion 21is mounted loose on a journal 28 eccentric with respect to axis 23.Pinion 21 is given the rotary motion throughany suitable transmissionmeans comprising a clutch and a reversing device.

The operation of the device is as follows:. Driven pinion 21 transmitsthe motion through guide member 24 to axis 23 and to 'pinions 22 and 20which roll on inside gear I0. Axis I2 (axis E) therefore describeshypocycloid Y. Axis O, which is rigidly connected thereto, and also thepoint of contact Q of the tool which is mounted in the plane 'of axesEand O, are likewise displaced. If therefore the reverse gear is devisedin such manner that the direction of'rotation of driving pinion 21changes when point Q(center of the tool) reaches points M and P of thehypo-, cycloid, and if the piece of work 2 reciprocates in thelongitudinal direction, tool I will successively come in contact withall the points of the lateral surface of said piece while remainingconstantly tangent thereto.

The variation of the speed of the displacement of center Qof tool Ialong hypocycloid M- -N-P isycorrected by the system comprisingeccentric pinion 21 and crank 24 because it is possible to vary theposition of the connecting point (sliding element 25) of said system insuch manner that thedisplacement of tool I with respect to the piece ofwork 2 may remain substantially constant. w

Combination ofseveral mechanisms according to the invention twomechanisms will make itpossible to present a plane tool in constanttangential relation to said surface. Hereinafter will be described amachine for the hat making industry comprising such a combination. Theadvantages of said combination result from the following considerationsrelative to the: 1

Movement of the pouncing tool of a pouncing device for polishingpurposes in the hat making industry I Felt hats are pounced in order to'obtaina smooth surface. That pouncing is ,a polishing operation whichis performed by relative dissurface having parallel scratches.Furthermore some hairs of the felt are not cut ,but beaten down." w

Finally, as the hat cannot be'yet given its definitive shape thesubsequent operations partly destroy the effects of the pouncingoperation.

Therefore, use is made of pouncing machines in which the paper moves ina rectilinear and reciprocating manner. It is thus possible to avoidbending down the hairs, but the scratches due to the rectilineartrajectory of the grains of abrasive cannot be wholly eliminated.Furthermore, the hairs and other particles that are detached fromthefelt agglomerate and form rolled masses interposed between theabrasive paper and the felt, which are difficult to eliminate; interferewith the abrasive, and produce dust and friction.

In order toobtaina smooth surface; the pouncing operation must becompleted. by hand,,by giving the abrasive paper a substantiallycircular motion combined with a rectilinear displacement. Besides, anycarefully done polishingof a material is effected in that manner. Thepresent invention has for its object a pouncing toolwhich is given amovement similar to that of the hand of the workman and which ejects theproducts resulting from the pouncing operation as they are being formed.

Said tool essentially comprises a. connecting rod crank mechanism (Fig.5) Crank!!! is given its rotary motion through any suitabletransmission, preferably anelectric motor directly coupled,

connecting rod is pivoted to the crank pin of crank 29 either through aspherical bearing or,

equivalent system or through an ordinary bearing.

' It comprises a cylindrical tube 3| adapted to slide in the ballelement32 of a ball and socket joint,

and a pouncing pad 33 rigidly secured to said rod 30 at a point'different from the center of said ball and socket joint. Itresultstherefrom that each of the points of said pouncing tool describesoval shaped trajectories in planes at right angles to the 'axis ofdriving crank 29. I

If pouncing pad 33 is applied against the surface of a hat stretchedupon its block, it will describe curves having a general circular shape,which'are very similar to the displacement imparted by the hand of theworkman, but provided that the plane of the tool is always substantiallytangent to the surface of the hat. If that condition' is not fulfilled,obviously, themovement of the pouncing pad in an obliqueplanewithreference to the plane tangent to the :surface of the hat will produceirregular displacements detrimental to the perfection of the pouncingoperation.

Said displacement Now, the shape of the hats is such that the sectionsparallel to thebase are ovals and that the sections at right angles tothe base may be assimilated to a portion MN of a shortened hypo cycloidhaving four retrogression points (Fig. 2 Description of a'mcchine forthe hat making industry comprising two mechanisms of the above describedtype for pouncing, brushing, glazing, ironing, etc., hats The machineaccording .to the inventioniand shown in Figs. 6 to 13 comprisesin'combinatio'n two mechanisms according to the invention.

The pouncing tool is actuated in thesame manneras the tool ofFigs. 3 and4, by a carriage,

through the intermediary of an axis of oscillation 0,-which envelopsahypocycloid, in a plane at right angles to the base of the block.

As for the block that'supports the hat, it is mounted on the spindle ofan oval lathe which presents the oval sections of the hat parallel tothe base in the suitable position, direction and speed. It resultstherefrom that the plane of the pouncing pad remains substantiallyblended with the tangent plane at each of the points of the surface ofthe block.

The machine further comprises connecting organs between these twomechanisms. Description of the pouncing 'tool and of its drivingmechanism The pouncing tool is supported by a casing articulated about ahorizontal axis 6 (0) carried by the element. 8 of, a mechanismidentical ,to that shown inFigs. 3 and 4 and above described.Preferably, elastic devices, for instance of the silent block or similartype, are interposed be:-

tween axis 6 and the bearings of casing'35 as shown at 8 on Fig. 7.

The pouncing tool essentially consists ofa-steel tube at the upper endof which is weldedla box 36 made of iron sheets in which is disposed theelastic pad 33 upon which is stretched an abrasive paper 31 tightly heldby nuts 38. 'The plane of pouncing-pad 33 passes substantially throughthe axis of tube 30 and oscillation axis 6 (O) Tube 30 slides in a balland socket joint 32 carried by casing 35. 'At the lower end of said tube30 is fixed a ball bearing 39 (Fig. 6), either of the swivel type or,preferably, rigid. The in-' ner ring of said bearing is rigid with acrank shaft made of two pieces 40 and 4|. comprises keyed upon ittwo'balancing counterweights 42. Said crank shaft is mounted on two ballbearings 43 and one of its ends projects outwardly from casing 35. Uponsaid end is keyed the wheel 44 of anexhauster and an electric motor 45having a variable speed. A flywheel ,46 is keyed on the shaft of saidmotor 45 soas to prevent, through its gyroscopic effect','rapidoscillations of casing 35 about axis 6.

Of course, any other suitable device might be used for playingthe samepart, that is, for damping the oscillations of the casing.

An aperture 48, through which the dust result- Said crank shafting fromthe pouncing can be drawn, is provided Support-for the hat to be workedupon and oval lathe for driving said hat The hatis fixed on a block 50(Figs. 6 and 8) which is fixed on a spindle 5! by a fixation devicewhich is preferably made as follows: in block 5a is aired a flanged tube52. Said tube 52 is adapted to slide on spindle 5|. Two balls or fingers58 (Fig. 8), or any equivalent device, pushed by a spring 58, projectfrom the surface of said spindle 5|. Said balls or fingers disappearunder the effect of the pressure of tube 52 when.

balls88 or any other equivalent organs again project from the surface ofthe spindle and prevent tube 62 from escaping.

A stud 86 extending through a suitable hole of the flange of tube 82ensures the correct positioning of the block and its drive.

That mode of fixation, vi'z, centering by means of a bore and locking bymeans of an extensible device, may, of course, be applied to all kindsof machines used in the hat making industry.

The oval lathe which supports block 58 is so constructed as to be whollyenclosed in a casing containing an oil bath. Spindle 5I--5I- (axis A ofthe mechanism) carries, at its rear part, an

inside gear 51. Said spindle 8I5I' is journalled in an oscillating head58 (rod ABC). Said head is provided with two parallel plane faces 88 and58, which are adapted to slide between two parallel faces, one of whichbelongs to casing 68 and the other to a plate 6| which closes casing 68.Oscillating head 58 carries an axis 62 (axis C) (Figs. 8 and 9), throughwhich it is jointed to a sliding member 68. Said sliding member 68 isguided by two rectilinear horizontal guides 68 (straight line) (Fig.8)integral with casing 68.

A circular piece 68, rigid with oscillating head 58, slides on the frontplane face of casing 68 and constantly closes the aperture of saidcasing during the motion of oscillating head 58. A piece 66 is keyed inhead 88. Said piece 66 comprises a bore in which is engaged a journal 61(axis B) of av piece 68. Said piece 68 carries a pinion 68 (Fig. 8)which is keyed thereon and meshes with inside gear 51 and has a numberof teeth equal to one half that of said gear. At the rear,

. piece 68 is provided with an oblique projection I8. Said part I8 isadapted toslide in the oblique channel of'a piece II. Said piece II isadapted to slide along axis E (Fig. 8) 'of the bore I2 of a cylindricalpiece I3. Studs I4 (Fig. 8), fixedini piece II and adapted to slide ingrooves I5 of piece 13 serve to connect said piece 1| with a piece I6disposed outside of tube 18.

Said piece II is actuated by a fork 1'8,keyed on a vertical shaft 88,through the intermediary of a stop I |-'I8-.1'8.

Piece"'|3 carries at its front end a jhelicoidal wheel 8| adapted tomesh with a screw 82. On

the shaft 88 of said screw is keyed a pulley 88 driven throughanysuitable means, for instance by a belt 85 (Fig. 6), from any suitablemotor 86, of the electric or" any other type, which may. for instance,be supportedby frame 81.

The operation of the oval lathe is as follows: Motor 86 drives, throughscrew 82 and wheel 8|, piece I8, which embodies axisE of the mechanismof Fig. 2. Said axis E, whose eccentricity with respect to axis B(journal 61) is adjusted by the displacement of block II in piece I3,drives said axis B, and axis A (spindle), throughpinion 68 and insidegear 61. Axis E traces, in aplane moving together with axis A, ahypocycloid which, in this particular instance, is an ellipse. Thecenter'of the .pouncing pad, which is located on straight line L,describes on the piece driven by spindle A .a curve parallel to saidellipse, which is an oval exactly similar to the ovals utilized in thehat making industry. By suitably. choosing the dimensions of the variousorgans and the eccentricity of axis B with respect to axis E. block 58is moved in such manner that the various oval sections of said block arepresented tangentially to the pouncing tool in the suitable direction,p-v sition and speed. In other words, the speed'of the felt in contactwith the pouncing tool is about inversely proportional to the radius ofcurvature of the oval. I

Connectiag organs between the mechanisms 7 it above described Themachine is" completed by organs for connecting together the mechanismfor driving the block and the mechanism for driving the pounc- 7 Asshown in Fig. 10, the piece 88 is constantly subjected to the action ofa spring 88. This spring also causes pinion 8| to mesh with. pinion 88.A rod'86 (Figs. 6, 10 and 11) is operative to.,

displace piece 88 in an upward direction, to the position shown in Fig.10, to disengage pinions 8| and 88, and to mesh pinions 82 and 88.

Said rod 86 carries at its lower end a stop 81, which can come to restupona pawl 88 provided with a projection 88' keyed on a shaft 88 (Fig;ll) A rod I88, in line with rod 88, is provided with a stop I8I, whichcan be engaged by pawl I82 provided with a projection I82, pivotallymounted about an axis I88 and-which may also raise stop 81.

Rod I88 carries a bar switch I88 and another stop I88 (Fig. 6). It isjointed at its lower'end, at I86, to a pedal lever I81. A spring I88constantly tends to move said rod I88 in a downward direction.

Furthermore, shaft 88, on which is keyed pinion 88 (Figs. 8 and 10), isprovided with a screw I88, which meshes with atoothed wheel I I 8 (Fig.6) keyed on a vertical cam shaft II I. Said shaft III has, keyed on it,successively, in the downward direction, two fingers II2, II8 (Figs. 6.and 13) adapted to cooperate with the projections 88' and I82 thesupport II8 of an oval cam II8 '(Figs. 6 and 13), the" support II6 of acam III for regulating the pressure and the speed of the.

pouncing tool (Figs.'6 and 12), and, finally, a pinion II8f(Fig. 6)which, through a toothed wheel II8, transmits the movement of shaftIIIto pinion 21 of the tool driving mechanism.

Cam II8 (Figs. 6 and 18) and .cam .III (for regulating the pressure andthe speed ofthe pouncing tool, Figs. 6 and '12) are removable. They'are,for instance, cut in sheet Iron and fixed in any suitable manner onthe supports I I8 and- II6 keyed on shaft III.

On removable cam II8 (Figs. 6 and l3).rests a roller I28, carried by alever I2I', keyed on shaft 88, which carries, at its upper end, keyedthereon, fork I8, which serves to control the variation of theeccentricity of axis B with respect oted at I28 on the frame, reststhrough its end I28 on the motor 45 which drives the tool. Lever I2'Icarries an arm I30, in which is screwed a screw I3I, which makes itpossible to compress a spring I32 between it and the free end of leverI25.

Finally, lever I24, which carries roller I22,-

which cooperates with cam I I1, controls, through a chain I33, or anyother similar device, a rheostat I34 disposed in the feed circuit of themotor 45 of the tool.

Operation of the whole machine Block 50, on which is stretched the hatthat is to be worked upon, being placed on spindle 5|,

the workman depresses pedal I0I. He thus com-- presses spring I08 andraises rod I00 and tube I0 I The latter pushes rod 95, which moves piece90 upwardly and causes wheel 32 to mesh with pinion 88. The two pawls 98and I02 engage stops 91 and IN and'maintain rod 88 and piece 90 in theraised position. During its upward displacement, rod I00 has driven,together with its bar, switch I04, which causes electric current to flowthrough motors 88 and 45.

The machine has thus been started and the pouncing tool, driven by shaftIII and transmission II8--II82I,' moves from the base of the block toits top, but, asabove explained, owing to the action of thehypocycloidal mechanism according to the invention, axis 8 (0) remainsconstantly tangent to the hypocycloid MN-P (Fig. 2) and the plane of thepouncing tool which is parallel thereto remains substantially tangent tosaid hypocycloid, the variation of speed along said hypocycloid beingcorrected by pinion 21 and crank 24.

Simultaneously, the oval lathe mechanism enclosed in casing 60 movesblock 50 in such manner that the oval section of said block opposite thepouncing tool may be presentedin a tangential position with respect tosaid tool, and, owing to the dimensions of the oval lathe mechanism,with circular part I I8 and, at the other end, to the axis of crank I43.Said crank I43 15 mounted .loose about stationary axis I8-A.' Connectingrod' I42 is provided with a spindle I44.' TWO in termediate toothedwheels I45 and I48, meshing together and respectively with the teeth ofpiece I I8 and of pinion 2 I, transmit the rotary motion a variablespeed at each point of said oval, said speed being substantiallyinversely proportional,

. mains always substantially in the tangent plane at eachpoint of thesurface of the block.

Simultaneously, cam III applies, with variable strength, the end of axisI23 on lever I25. The latter compresses more or less spring I32 andtherefore tends to lift more or less the end of lever I28, which is incontact with the casing of the pouncing tool, and therefore to'diminish'or' increase the pressure of the pouncing tool on the hat.Simultaneously, cam II1 produces a variation of the rheostat I 34, so asto reduce the speed of motor 45 at the same time as the pressure of thepouncing tool against the hat is reduced. Besides, the speed of motor 45may be modified by acting manually on a rheostat. V 7

When the pouncing tool reaches thetop of the hat, finger I I2 movespawl88 aside through the projection 98', rod 86 moves'dowrfand, under theaction of spring 95, piece 90 pivots and causes wheel .8I to mesh withpinion 88. This has for its eifect to reverse the motion of the pouncingtool,

which therefore comes back to its starting position. When said toolreaches'said position, finger II3 pushes pawl I02 through the projectionI02 and releases rod I00. Said-rod moves downwardly under the action ofspring I08 and switches off the electric current which stops motors and45. Stop, ring I05 exerts a downward pressure on lever'I2I,'which causesthe casing of the pouncing tool to pivot about axis-B (C) andto' movepouncing pad'33 away from the hat. The machine is therefore stopped. andit suffices to'exert a traction in order to remove block 50 which cari 7rice the hat.

The abrasive paper may be fixed to a removable pouncing pad, accordingto the embodiment shown in Fig. 14. The abrasive paper is cut into smallpieces I35 andfixed by means of any appropriate substance, such as gum,gelatine, or a rubber solution, on a supple leather or rubber band I36(elastic, preferably). Said band I35 is placed around a spongy rubberpad I3I,which lies in a light sheet iron box I38. Said box I38 isprovided with a device for securing it promptly onto tube 3 I. Forinstance, said box I38 fits into a corresponding conical box I38, whichis solderedonto tube 3|. A nut I, which secures the two boxes tightlytogether, is-screwed onto a screw pin I40, fixed to box I38.

The device may also comprise means ,to-insure a uniform and slowcontinuous forward motion of the pouncing pad, when the latter isdisplaced on the side of the hat, and a continuous'speed progressivelyaccelerated when said pouncing pad is displaced from the rounded part tothe topv of the hat. 7

For instance, the transmission of the forward motion between shaft 80and pinion 2| may be insured in place of the members (22, 28, 24, 25,28, 21, I I9,I I8) illustrated Fig.6, as indicated in plan in Fig. 15:shaft 80 is provided with a circular part H8, keyed to the lower part ofsaid shaft 80. Said circular part H8 is in an eccentric position withrespect to axis 80 and it comprises a of shaft 80 to pinion 2I.

The eccentricity and the relative position of piece ll8 are selectedwith a view-to insuring, throughthe action of the eccentric pinioncombined with the differential movements of the gears with respect onetothe other, a=continuous and 'journal and a plurality of teeth. Aconnecting [rod I42 is jointed, at one end, tothe journal of 5approximately uniform displacement of the pouncing pad when on thesideof the hat and a progressively accelerated displacement of said pad whenit moves about therounded part'of the hat and towards the top of same.

The machine may further comprise a safety device to'switch off theelectric current which feeds the motors'of the machine, when thepouncing tool accidentally passes beyond the fingers 2' and H3 whichlimit its displacement i. e. when the moving aside of pawl 98 has notcaused the reversing of the motion of the tool, or when the' movingaside of pawl I02 has not caused the stopping of the motor, thusavoiding apossible rup-w ture of the organs oi the machine.

Fig. 16 illustrates, on a larger scale, a modifi cation of Fig. 11,showing by way oi example current is switched off. The-switches arefixedto1an= oscillating part 'I4'I which, left to itself, istilted,-iunder the action of its own weight, thus actuating the switchesand, therefore, switching oil the current. Said oscillating part I" ismoved up, back to its original position, through the action' of pin I48,which slides in cylinder I49 and is n as subjected totheaction of aspring I50; which: tends, normally, to raise said screw pin I48, Saidcylinder I49 is fixed to stop I! mounted upon rod I00. :Therei'ore, bydepressing pedal I'I (Fig. 6),

the raising of rod I00, of cylinder I49, of piston I48 and ofoscillating part I41 is produced and the c'ontaotis established;

Pawls 98 and, M2 areprovidedwith'arms 98 and I02, disposed, as shown ;inFig. 16, on both sides of part 1;; If the pouncing tool, as a body,

accidentally passes, beyondeither of the limits of its displacement, oneof the stops I I2, II3 (Figs, 6 and 13) pushes the corresponding pawl 98or I02 through the'medium of projections 98' and I02 and swings it down.The arm of.v said pawl 90 or i02 comes into contact with part I41, alsoswinging it down by compressing its spring I50.

Theresult is that the feeding current is switched oiI-and themachinestops automatically without further damage. V 7

To start it off once more, after having attended I to the cause of thest0p, it will be sufiicient to turn it byhand in the direction oppositeto that of 'itsprevious motion; this brings the pawls back to theirnormalposition.

Oicourse, any tooth, brush, velvet surface, iron rcvolving wheelprovided with wool or with abrasive paper, or the like, might besubstituted for the pouncing tool, which is removably mounted.

W hile I-have disclosed what I deem to be pre-, i'erred embodiments ofmy invention it should bewell understood that I do not wish to belimited thereto, as there might be changes made in the arrangement,dispositionand formof the parts,., 7

V mentpivoted in said casingadapted to'guide said metallic tube a crankjointed to said metallic tube, two symmetrical counterweights forbalancing said crank and an electric motor carried 1. A hat workingmechanism of thetype described comprising in combination. a cinematicmechanism including a rigidmember, two par-.

ailel spindles journalled in saidmember, a third spindle parallel to thetwo above mentioned spindles, located in the same plane as saidspindles,

and also journalled in said member, transmission means for connectingthe two lflrst mentioned spindles'to one another wherebyr they arecaused torotate one with respect to the other at respective speeds ofrevolution whose ratio is equal to the reciprocal of the ratio of therespective distances from saidtwo spindles to the third men tionedspindle, said speeds of revolution and said distances being countedalgebraically, a fourth spindle rigidly connected to one of the twofirst mentioned spindles-and parallelthereto, a rigid member to whichthe fourth spindle is journ alied,

said last mentionedrigid member being. adapted base,,a second cinematicmechanism of thesame type, a block 'forsupporting the hat adapted to ibe actuatedby the last mentioned mechanism,

and means for connecting said two mechanisms to one another adapted tomaintain the tool in a tangential position with respect to the piece ofwork. I v a v 2; A hat workingmechanism accordin'gto claim 1 furthercomprising a spindle supported by the last mentioned rigid member andadapted to rotatively support the tool, a motor for driving the 3 tool,said motor being so arranged as to form a counterweight adapted to pressthe toolagainst thehat. I

3. A hat working mechanism according to claim 1, further comprising aspindle supported bythe last mentioned rigid member and adapted torotatively support the tool, a motor for driving the tool, a fly-wheeldriven by said motor having its,

axis atcright angles to saidspindlasaid fly-whel being adapted to brakethe rebounding movements of the tool with respect to thehat, through agyroscopic effect,

4. A hat working mechanism according to claim 1 comprising a spindlesupported by. the .last

mentioned rigid memberand adapted torotatively support thetooL'and'eIastic means interposed between said last mentioned spindleand said tool.

ing the tool against the hat, a lever resting upon said counterweight,.a spring acting upon said lever, and a cam adapted to act upon saidlever pressure of the tool against the hat can be ad.-

' justed at will.

6. A hat working machine according to claim 1, further comprising, amotor for driving the tool, a rheostat for controlling the teedcircuitor said motor, a cam, meansjior connecting said 40, against the actionof. said spring, whereby the."

cam to said rheostat, wherebyflthespeed oi the" ment.

further comprising, a metallic cylindrical tube for carrying saidtool, afluid tight casing, an eleby said casing for driving said crank.

8; A hat workingamachine according to'claim i further comprising acounterweight for pressing the tool against the hat, a lever restingbeneath said counterweight, a spring acting upon said fllever,a camadapted to act uponsaid' lever against the action of saidspring, wherebythe'p'ressure of the tool'ag ainst the hat can be adjusted at will, aspindle carrying the hat supporting block, a

motor fordriving said spindle, a cam drivenby said motor, a guidingpiece controlled by saidcam,

and an oblique tail adapted to slide insaid guid-Y ing piece foradjusting the eccentricity of said spindle, and 'a common shai'tiorcarrying said j cams.

9. A hat working machine according to claim '1 furthercomprising acounterweightji'or pressing the tool against the hat, a lever restingbeneath 5. A hat working mechanism according to claim 1 furthercomprising' a counterweight for press-,

said counterweight and adapted to actuate same, a spring acting uponsaid lever, a cam adapted to act upon saidlever and said spring, therebycompressing said'spring'to urge the tool against the hat with adetermined pressure, a spindle carrying the hat supporting block, a'motor for driving said spindle, a cam driven by said motor, a guidingpiece controlled by said cam, an oblique tail adapted to slide in saidguiding piece for adjusting' the eccentricity of said spindle, a commonshaft for said cams and supporting means for securing said cams on saidshaft.

10. A hat working machine of the type described one with'respect to theother'at respective speeds.

of revolution whose ratio is equal to the reciprocal of the ratio of therespective distances from said two spindles to the third mentionedspindle, said speeds of revolution and said distances being countedalgebraically, a fourth spindle rigidly connected to one of the twofirst mentioned spindles and parallel thereto, a rigid member to whichthe fourth spindle is journalled, said last mentioned rigid member beingadapted both to slide and retate with respect to the third mentionedspindle, a tool supported by said last mentioned rigid member, a secondcinematic mechanism of the same type, a block for supporting the hatadapted to be actuated by the last mentioned mechanism, a motor, fordriving the last mentioned mechanism,

a reversing gear, a cam shaft driven by said motor, a clutch mechanismcontrolling said reversing gear, a plurality of arms carried by saidshaft for acting upon said clutch mechanism, in order to cause the toolto move along two quarters of an hypocycloid, so that it is'moved fromthe base of the hat up to the top thereof, and then back to the base, atwhich time theiclutch is released.

11. A hat working machine according to claim 10 further comprising a rodconnected to said reversing gear, a pedal for controlling said rod, acircuit breaking device connected to said rod for switching oil. thefeed current of said motor, stop means provided on said rod, a pluralityof pawls operatively connected to said arms of said shaft, and adaptedto engage said stop means so as to release said rod, and antagonisticspring devices adapted to act on said rod against the action of saidpedal.

12. A hat working machine according to claim 10 further comprising acounterweight for pressing the tool against the hat, a lever restingbeneath said counterweight for actuating same, a spring acting upon saidlever, a cam adapted to act upon said lever and said spring, therebycompressing said spring to urge the tool against the hat with adetermined pressure, a rod connected to said reversing gear, a pedal forcontrolling said rod, a circuit breaking device controlled by said rodfor switching off the feed current of said motor, stop means provided onsaid rod, a plurality of pawls operatively connected to said arms ofsaid shaft, and adapted to engage said stop means so as to release saidrod, antagonistic springdevices adapted to act on said rod against theaction of said pedal, 3. stop carried by said rod for moving the toolsupporting mechanism away from the hat, and bringing it into contactwith said lever.

13; A hat working machine according toclairn 1 further comprisingelectric motors for driving 1 the tool mechanism and the hat supportingblock mechanism, stops for limiting thedisplacement of the tool, and asafety device for switching'oif the current of said motors when the toolmoves 1 accidentally beyond said stops.

14. In a hat working machine, a block for supporting the hat, a tool, amechanism driving the gent to a section of the'hat at right angle to itsbase, a mechanism driving said block and adapted tool and adaptedtocauseils plane to rema'n tanto present the sections of the hatparallel-to its base in a tangential position with respect to saidplane, connecting means between said two mech-' anisms adapted tocoordinate'their movements,

said mechanism driving the tool compris'nga cinematic mechanismincluding a rigidmember,

two parallel spindles journalledin said member,

a third spindle parallel to the two above mentioned spindles, located inthe same plane as said spindles and also journalled in said member,transmission means for connecting the two first are caused to rotate onewith respect to theother L- at respective speeds of revolution whoseratio is equal to the reciprocal of the ratio of the respectivedistances from said two spindles to the third mentioned spindle, saidspeeds of revolutionand said distance being counted algebraically,afourth spindle rigidly connected to one of the two first mentionedspindles and parallel thereto, a rigid member to which the fourthspindle is journalled, said last mentioned rigid member being adaptedboth to slide and rotate with respect to the third mentioned spindle.

15. In a hat working machine, a tool, a metallic cylindrical tube forcarrying said tool, a fluid tight casing, an element pivoted in saidcasing adapted to guide said metallic tube, a crank jointed to saidmetallic tube, two symmetrical counterweights for balancing said crankand an electric motor carried by said casing for driving said crank.

16. A hat working machine according to claim 1, further comprising acrank and link device actuating'the tool and guided'at a point whichdoes not coincide with the center of the tool.

17. A hat working machine according to claim 1, in which the hatsupporting block is provided with a recess, further comprising a spindlecarry- 1, further comprising a counterweight for press-- ing the toolagainst the hat, a lever resting beneath said counterweight and adaptedto actu-' ate same, a spring acting upon said lever, a cam adapted toact upon said lever and said spring, thereby compressing this latter andadjusting thus the pressure of the tool against the'hat, a spindlecarrying the hat supporting block, a motor for driving said spindle, acam driven by said motor, a guiding piece controlled by said cam, anoblique tail adapted to slide in said guiding piece for adjusting theeccentricity of said spindle, a common shaft for said cams andsupporting means for securing said cams on said shaft, said iastmentioned shaft being positively connected to and driving said firstcinematic mechanism.

19. A hat working machine according to claim 10, further comprising avertical shaft a pinion eccentrically mounted upon said shaft, a gearwheel meshing with said pinion, a link connecting theaxes' of said gearwheel and pinion, a crank cooperating with said link, a plurality ofgear wheels mounted on said crank and link, and

transmitting the movement ofsaid eccentricaliy mounted pinion to themechanism actuating the tool, the setting of said eccentrically mountedpinion being such as to move the toolcoritinuously at a slow speed alongthe; sides of the hat and at a progressively increasing speed along thetopof thehat. V V

20. A' hat working machine according to claim 22, further comprising avertical shaft a pinion eccentrically. mounted upon said shaft, a geartool, the'setting of said eccentrically mounted pinion being such as tomove the tool continuously at a slow speed along the sides of the hatand at a progressively increasing speed along-the top I of the hat. 7

21. In a hat working machine, a rod, a box of sheet'metal, a spongyrubber pad i'nsaid box, a removably mounted yielding bandsurroundingsaid pad, and pouncing paper fliied upon said band, whereby said paperis yieldingly applied against the surface of the hat. I

22. In a. hat working machine, a block for supporting thehat, a tool,holding means to' which said tool is positively secured and with respectto which it cannot move, a mechanism-for driving together said tool, andholding means,

comprising a. device for positively guiding said tool tangentially overthe hat surface, a lathe mechanism driving said block and connectingmeans between said two mechanisms adapted to coordinate theirmovements,' said mechanisms while cooperating causing the operativesurface of said tool to be displaced always and simultaneously along twosections of the hat, one of these sections being parallelto the hat baseand'the other one being perpendicular thereto.

MARCEL CASSE.

